The Communities"
This page is intended to be of support to all those who in various ways, with commitment and dedication, deal with the Irregular Migrant who lands on the Italian coasts.
PREMISE
In Italy, the migrant reception system is divided between first and second reception structures. The first reception facility is managed by the Prefectures who report directly to the Ministry of the Interior, these include hotspot they hub regional (born from the conversion of other structures, which were previously dedicated to welcoming migrants and asylum seekers, such as the CARAs and CDAs). The second reception facility is made up of the SPRAR (Protection System for Asylum Seekers and Refugees).
Migrants arriving in Italy by exploiting its coasts must pass for a hotspot. Inside, each person is subjected to identification and photo-signaling procedures. Migrants who are rescued at sea or who, in any case, arrive in Italy through the sea border, who apply for international protection within the aforementioned HOTSPOTs, are relocated to regional HUBs. On the other hand, migrants who do not intend to formalize an asylum request are placed in the CPR (Residence Centers for Returns) and receive a refoulement decree.
On the basis of what was established by the Ministry, asylum seekers remain in the HUB for between 7 and 30 days, before being placed in the SPRAR (Protection system for asylum seekers and refugees), which are second reception facilities.
The second reception facility is managed by associations which, collaborating with the Municipalities, present a project. Only applicants for international protection can access the established structure, waiting for the competent Territorial Commission to evaluate their application and decide whether to accept it or not. The aforementioned Commission decides within 180 days of their request (usually the associations take charge of the appeals, in case of denial).
The CAS (Extraordinary Reception Centers), are a kind of HUB, suitable for hosting applicants for international protection who would have the right to access the SPRAR circuit. CAS, like SPRARs, are managed by associations and cooperatives.
REFUGEES, MIGRANTS AND ASYLUM SEEKERS: WE UNDERSTAND THE DIFFERENCES
When it comes to migration, it is good to refer to the following list, in order to avoid misunderstandings and confusion.
- Who is the refugee: he who runs away because he risks his life
International law defines a refugee as a person who has fled their own country to seek protection in another. The reason for the flight lies in the war, persecution and large-scale violation of human rights. The motivation is to be found in survival and in the real risk of death by remaining in the place of origin. It is the first and most important form of international protection, and can be recognized to an asylum seeker by a member state of the 1951 Geneva Convention.
The refugee is someone "who, rightly fearing to be persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, belonging to a specific social group or because of his political opinions, is outside the country of which he is a citizen and cannot or does not want to, because of this fear, avail yourself of the protection of this country; or that, having no citizenship and being outside the country in which he had his habitual residence following such events, he cannot or does not want to return there due to the aforementioned fear "[Article 1A of Geneva Convention of 1951 relating to the status of refugees].
- Who is the richiedente asilo: colui che sta aspettando il riconoscimento dello status di rifugiato
Thus is defined a person who has requested to be recognized as refugee (or other form of protection) and which is awaiting the response. Asylum seekers usually enter the territory in such a way irregular, ma dal momento in cui presentano la richiesta sono regolarmente soggiornanti, e quindi non possono essere definiti illegal immigrants. [Source: Openpolis]
- Chi è il migrante: colui che si sposta altrove per lavoro, salute, famiglia
The dictionary Treccani identifies the migrant as one who moves to new locations. The survival motivation is not a priority. There may be professional, health, family or individual reasons. There are irregular migrants or those people who do not hold the necessary documents to certify their entry into the foreign territory according to the rules in force. Unlike the tourist, the migrant wants to settle in a given place looking for better living conditions or resolution to health problems, family etc.
PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR APPLICANTS INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION IN ITALY
Download the practical guide in Italian which can be summarized in the following points:
- Demonstration of the will to apply for international protection - This consists in declaring as soon as possible, at the Police Headquarters or the Border Police, the intention to apply for international protection.
- Identification - This is the activity with which the Police records your data (name, surname, place and date of birth, nationality), takes pictures of you and takes your fingerprints.
- Formalization of the application - It consists in filling in the specific registration form for the application for international protection.
- Interview with the Territorial Commission - This is an interview about the experiences you have lived and the fears you would have in case of returning to your country.
- Evaluation and Decision - This is the phase in which the Territorial Commission evaluates and decides on your request for international protection.
- Appeal - This is the phase in which you have the opportunity to lodge an appeal against the decision of the Territorial Commission with a judge.
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